Sinópsis:
Las torres
mudéjares, herencia artística del Islam, son, tal vez por
su singularidad, lo más emblemático del patrimonio arquitectónico
aragonés. En las comarcas de Calatayud y de Daroca, además
de concentrarse buena parte de estas torres, es donde se hallan la mayor
diversidad estructural y decorativa, y también los ejemplos más
antiguos. Se propone aquí que quizá algunas de estas torres
fueron edificadas como alminares, y que posiblemente parte de sus características
se deban a influencia oriental.
Abstrat:
In the West of the Autonomous Community
of Aragon (Spain), in the areas of Calatayud and Daroca, there are left
numerous and important constructions, mainly castles and churches, which
are legacy of the long presence of Muslim people in this land, not only
from Islamic times (VIIIth to XIIth centuries), but also from Christian
times (XIIth to XVIIth centuries).
Only towers are studied here, specially those with
a religious function, presently all of them church bell towers.
Firstly, their characteristics, such as materials,
structure and decoration are treated at large, secondly, they are
analyzed individually, classified in several groups. Several towers not
mentioned in generalist works are introduced, considering, also,
the possibility that some of them be, partly at least, re-utilized minarets:
in other words, that is before 1120, date in which the Christian conquest
took place.
In that case, against the commonly accepted idea,
it would be very likely that many of the singular characteristic of Islamic
ascent's art in Aragon, which is known as "Aragonese mudéjar
art", be not a result of North African influence, from Almohade epoch (XIIth
and XIIIth centuries), but rather Oriental, from Irani area, and from Abbasid,
Buyid and, specially, Seldjucid epoch (IXth to XIIth centuries). Later
artistic influence ot the Arab kingdom of Zaragoza in al-Magrib, is sufficiently
proven, both for Almoravid and Almohade times.
In any way -and though so far it is not possible
to fix with absolute accuracy its chronolgy, which will in the future be
determined with new methods- there is no doubt about the historical and
artistic interest of these towers, emblematic testimony of the Islamic
past of Aragon.
